NCAR footnotes

National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): References


[1]Williamson, D.L., J.T. Kiehl, V. Ramanathan, R.E. Dickinson, and J.J. Hack, 1987: Description of NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-285+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 112 pp.

[2]Hack, J.J., L.M. Bath, G.W. Williamson, and B.A. Boville, 1989: Modifications and enhancements to the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1). NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-336+STR, NTIS PB89-215594/AS, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 97 pp.

[3]Hack, J.J., B.A. Boville, B.P. Briegleb, J.T. Kiehl, P.J. Rasch, and D.L. Williamson, 1993: Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2). NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-382+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 108 pp.

[4]Bath, L.M., J. Rosinski, and Jerry Olson, 1992: User's guide to NCAR CCM2. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-379+IA, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 156 pp.

[5]Briegleb, B.P., 1992: Delta-Edington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR community climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612,

[6]Briegleb, B.P., P. Minnis, V. Ramanathan, and E. Harrison, 1986: Comparison of regional clear-sky albedos inferred from satellite observations and model computations. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 25, 214-226.

[7]Kiehl, J.T., and B.P. Briegleb, 1991: A new parameterization of the absorptance due to the 15 micron band system of carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9013-9019.

[8]Hack, J.J., 1994: Parameterization of moist convection in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res 99, 5551-5568.

[9]Holtslag, A.A.M., and B.A. Boville, 1993: Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate, 6, 1825-1842.

[10]Williamson, D.L., and P.J. Rasch, 1994: Water vapor transport in the NCAR CCM2. Tellus, 46A, 34-51.

[11]Kiehl, J.T., J.J. Hack, and B.P. Briegleb, 1994: The simulated earth radiation budget of the NCAR CCM2 and comparison with the earth radiation budget experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 20815-20827.

[12]Hack, J.J., B.A. Boville, J.T. Kiehl, P.J. Rasch, and D.L. Williamson, 1994: Climate statistics from the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res. 99, 20785-20813.

[13]Williamson, G.S., 1993: CCM2 datasets and circulation statistics. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-391+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 85 pp.

[14]Simmons, A.J., and R. Striifing, 1981: An energy and angular-momentum conserving finite difference scheme, hybrid coordinates and medium-range weather prediction. ECMWF Tech. Report No. 28, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 68 pp.

[15]Simmons, A.J., B.J. Hoskins, and D.M. Burridge, 1978: Stability of the semi-implicit method of time integration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 405-412.

[16]Asselin, R., 1972: Frequency filter for time integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 487-490.

[17]Smagorinsky, J., S. Manabe, and J.L. Holloway, Jr., 1965: Results from a nine-level general circulation model of the atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 93, 727-768.

[18]McFarlane, N.A., 1987: The effect of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1775-1800.

[19]Chervin, R.M., 1986: Interannual variability and seasonal climate predictability. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 233-251.

[20]Joseph, J.H., W.J. Wiscombe, and J.A. Weinman, 1976: The delta-Eddington approximation for radiative flux transfer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2452-2459.

[21]Coakley, J.A., R.D. Cess, and F.B. Yurevich, 1983: The effect of tropospheric aerosols on the Earth's radiation budget: A parameterization for climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 116-138.

[22]Slingo, A., 1989: A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419-1427.

[23]Ramanathan, V., and R.E. Dickinson, 1979: The role of stratospheric ozone in the zonal and seasonal radiative energy balance of the Earth-troposphere system. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1084-1104.

[24]Ramanathan, V., and P. Downey, 1986: A nonisothermal emissivity and absorptivity formulation for water vapor. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8649-8666.

[25]Slingo, J.M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction model for the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 899-927.

[26]Troen, I., and L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation. Bound. Layer Meteor., 37, 129-148.

[27]Geleyn, J-F., 1988: Interpolation of wind, temperature, and humidity values from model levels to the height of measurement. Tellus, 40A, 347-351.

[28]Joseph, D., 1980: Navy 10' global elevation values. National Center for Atmospheric Research notes on the FNWC terrain data set, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 3 pp.

[29]Forderhase, K., W.M. Washington, R.M. Chervin, V. Ramanathan, D.L. Williamson, and D.J. Knight, 1980: Lower boundary conditions for the NCAR global circulation model: Ocean surface temperatures, sea ice, snow cover, continental surface albedos and surface emissivity, subsurface continental temperatures and mountain heights. NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-157+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 58 pp.

[30]Matthews, E., 1983: Global vegetation and land use: New high-resolution data bases for climate studies. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 22, 474-487.

[31]Dickinson, R.E., A. Henderson-Sellers, P.J. Kennedy, and M.F. Wilson, 1986: Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-275+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 69 pp.

[32]Louis, J.-F., M. Tiedtke, J.-F. Geleyn, 1981: A short history of the PBL parameterisation at ECMWF. Proceedings of the ECMWF Workshop on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterisation, November 1981, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, pp. 59-80.

[33]Holtslag, A.A.M., and A.C.M. Beljaars, 1989: Surface flux parameterization schemes: Developments and experiences at KNMI. Proceedings of the 1988 ECMWF Workshop on Parameterisation of Fluxes over Land Surface, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 121-147 [also available as KNMI Sci. Rep. 88-06, De Bilt, Netherlands, 27 pp.].

[34]Deardorff, J.W., 1972: Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 93-106.

[35]Bhumralkar, C.M., 1975: Numerical experiments on the computation of ground surface temperature in an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 1246-1258.

[36]Smith, G.D., 1965: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations. Oxford University Press, London, 179 pp.

[37]Washington, W.M., and L. Verplank, 1986: A description of coupled general circulation models of the atmosphere and oceans used for carbon dioxide studies. NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-271+EDD, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 29 pp.

[38]Dütsch, H.U., 1978: Vertical ozone distribution on a global scale. Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 511-529.

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